US and Virginia History SOL Practice Test

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• JP Morgan invented what?
• What was the aim of the Fourteen Points?
• Which leader supported political equality and helped found the NAACP?
• As new states entered the Union, compromises were reached to maintain the balance of power in Congress between free and slave states. What was the purpose of these compromises?
• Which regions were added to the United States during westward expansion?
• Middle Colonies were founded by which groups seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity?
• Which of the following was a major cause of the Great Depression attributed to the Federal Reserve?
• What were two ways the government aided the growth of industry?
• Which state is not among the Middle Colonies?
• The Haymarket Strike occurred in which city?
• What are three issues cities faced during rapid urban growth?
• Union or Confederate: Robert E. Lee
• Which two enslaved individuals led revolts in Virginia that contributed to stricter slave laws in the South?
• Which state was not acquired as a result of the Mexican War?
• In what year did the United States enter World War I?
• Which area entered the United States 9 years after fighting for independence from Mexico?
• Who authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
• In Marbury v. Madison, who was the Chief Justice who wrote the decision establishing judicial review?
• During the Great Awakening, new denominations emerged that were established and challenged established religions and governmental order. Which two were these denominations?
• What happened during the Boston Massacre?
• What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
• According to the Constitution, the national government was stronger than the state governments.
• Which of the following individuals is a Confederate leader?
• Who served as President of Washington College after the Civil War?
• Sacajawea played a guiding role during exploration of which region or area?
• In which year did the Soviet Union place missiles in Cuba, triggering a major Cold War confrontation?
• Who invented the Assembly line?
• Which president campaigned on promising to end the Vietnam War?
• Who served as Chief Justice in the Gibbons v Ogden decision?
• Immigrants contributed to which major transformation in the United States during this era?
• Which term best describes the period in the American West characterized by long cattle drives over unfenced land?
• Who invented the airplane?
• The policy Taft described for using economic influence to protect US interests abroad is called what?
• How many southern states withdrew from the Union to form the Confederacy?
• The combination of recall, initiative, and direct election of Senators demonstrates a broader trend toward what?
• Who occupied West Germany after World War II, and what form of government was installed there?
• What government system was established in East Germany after World War II?
• Who became President after Lincoln's assassination?
• Who invented the telephone?
• The United States had strong ties to which country that influenced its entry into WWI?
• Secession is defined as which action?
• After the Civil War, southern states were kept from rejoining the Union immediately and faced which overarching policy?
• Roger Williams fled from Massachusetts due to persecution by Puritans and founded which colony?
• Which of the following states was acquired as part of the Mexican Cession during the Mexican War?
• Which two cities were the targets of atomic bombings in 1945?
• After the Civil War, which groups moved west to seek new opportunities?
• Which institution did Alexander Hamilton advocate to strengthen the economy?
• Which Allied operation marked the invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe on June 6, 1944?
• What term describes the large-scale movement of African Americans from the South to the North and West for work and to escape discrimination?
• Which religious group was called the Quakers?
• Which law severely limited Chinese immigration?
• Which faction believed the country needed a strong central government to manage trade, foreign affairs, and national defense?
• Loyalists believed taxation was justified to pay for British troops to protect settlers from what?
• Which side wanted the Constitution ratified?
• Which statement best describes the overall aim of the Depression-era programs including WPA, FDIC, Social Security, and AAA?
• Which region includes Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire?
• Which amendment provided the right to vote for African American men?
• Which single event is considered the start of the Civil War?
• Which figure was a prominent abolitionist who later served as ambassador to Haiti?
• What institution was very important in helping immigrants assimilate into society?
• The Open Door Policy urged foreigners to do what with respect to China?
• What was the primary purpose of NATO during the Cold War?
• Which battle saw Texans defeated by a superior Mexican army?
• Which statement describes the effect on labor during the Depression?
• Who invented the steel process?
• Which figure served as envoy to France and helped secure crucial foreign assistance for the American cause?
• Louisiana Purchase: From which country did the United States acquire this territory, and in what year?
• WWI began in Europe in which year?
• Ida B. Wells was a prominent leader in which reform movement?
• During Reconstruction, which group sought to reform Southern society and enforce civil rights through federal action?
• Which statement about James Madison's role at the Convention is supported by the material?
• Which reform movement is associated with the Seneca Falls Declaration?
• The 18th Amendment addressed which social issue?
• Which Supreme Court decision stated that slaves were property and could not sue in federal court, and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional?
• Which pair of individuals are most closely associated with the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans, respectively?
• Which statement best captures the purpose of the Gibbons v Ogden decision?
• When was the Articles of Confederation ratified?
• Who led the American Army during the Revolutionary War?
• Who was the king of England during the American Revolution?
• Quakers were a religious group prominent in which region of the colonies?
• What is the name of the forced westward march of Native Americans, which resulted in many deaths?
• Which muckraker is identified as the most influential writer exposing business practices and corrupt government officials?
• Which battle is associated with the decisive victory that effectively ended the Revolutionary War?
• Who served as ambassador to France and helped arrange the treaty securing French assistance during the war?
• Which of the following pairings is correct?
• How did the French treat the Native Americans?
• In the Southern Colonies, which group endured forced migration and lifetime labor?
• The Great Awakening was a religious movement that affected which regions?
• President Wilson's ideas during WWI included which of the following?
• Who served as Chairman of the Constitutional Convention?
• Who proposed the Open Door Policy?
• The area designated for relocation of American Indians after removal is present-day which state?
• By the early twentieth century, which statement about state admissions is true?
• The Progressive Movement effectively ended with the entry of which conflict?
• Union or Confederate: Lincoln
• What was the main aim of the Marshall Plan?
• How did the New Deal change Americans' view of the government's role?
• The public schools served an essential role in what process?
• Who helped to build the Transcontinental Railroad?
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to conflicts in Kansas known as Bleeding Kansas due to disputes over what issue?
• Which of the following pairings is correct?
• After Appomattox, which figure urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite?
• Which individuals influenced the Bill of Rights?
• The United States entered WWI because of what factor?
• Which two southern cities experienced severe devastation during the Civil War?
• What was the Proclamation of 1763 designed to do?
• Which reformer is associated with immediate abolition and played a key role in the anti-slavery movement as an editor of a prominent abolitionist newspaper?
• The House of Burgesses is best described as
• Harriet Beecher Stowe is best known for writing which abolitionist novel?
• Cornelius Vanderbilt invented what?
• In June 1941, Germany launched a surprise invasion of which country?
• In what year did the Louisiana Purchase take place?
• Ulysses S. Grant was a general for which side in the Civil War?
• The 20th Amendment is primarily associated with changes in what?
• Northern industrial states favored high tariffs to protect manufacturers from foreign competition.
• Thomas Jefferson drew strongest support from which region?
• Which region’s economy remained primarily agricultural at the end of the Civil War?
• Which leader believed the Confederacy should be quickly reunited with the Union and not punished?
• What political party formed after the fighting between pro- and anti-slavery forces in Kansas?
• What key principle did Marbury v. Madison establish?
• Which of these were among John Locke's ideas?
• During the Illinois Senate campaign, which two figures held debates?
• Which statement best describes the impact of new technologies like railroads and the mechanical reaper on the West?
• Which territory did the United States claim after the War of 1812?
• Which three activities helped the Middle Colonies' economy?
• In McCulloch v. Maryland, what did the Court decide about states taxing the federal government?
• Which faction argued that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary because states already had protections in their constitutions?
• After the French and Indian War, what were two reasons the British government began placing new taxes on the colonists?
• Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
• Jefferson Davis held which position during the Civil War?
• Which British law allowed a tax on legal documents, newspapers, playing cards, and similar items?
• Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Great Depression?
• Which ideas are found in Thomas Jefferson's writings in the Declaration of Independence?
• Frederick Douglass served in which postwar role?
• Where did immigrants have to go when they first arrived in America from Europe?
• Which was the last major battle of the American Revolution where Cornwallis surrendered?
• Place these events in the correct chronological order: Japan invades China and Manchuria; Germany invades Poland; Pearl Harbor; United States enters World War II; D-Day; Hiroshima/Nagasaki.
• What was the outcome of the Korean War?
• Which espionage case heightened fear of communism in the United States during the Cold War?
• Which political party opposed the War of 1812 and threatened secession?
• What was the goal of President Taft's Dollar Diplomacy?
• Which colony is part of the Middle Colonies?
• In the Middle Colonies, the middle class worked as which of the following?
• Which author influenced the Declaration of Independence with Common Sense?
• George Mason is linked to influencing which foundational document?
• In the War of 1812, the United States defeated which country?
• What is the term for the transatlantic voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas?
• Which program protected workers and the elderly?
• What does the term melting pot refer to?
• Who served as president for most of the Reconstruction era?
• What was the primary purpose of the Warsaw Pact?
• Eli Whitney is best known for inventing which device?
• Which statement is accurate about Ulysses S. Grant?
• Who invented the light bulb?
• What is the Revolution of 1800 best described as?
• Which phrase from the Declaration expresses that all people are equal in creation?
• After 1871, immigrants chiefly came from which regions?
• The American Railway Union represented which groups?
• Which statement best describes the Middle Colonies' economic mix compared to the Southern Colonies?
• What principle did the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom establish?
• Which process enables citizens to propose new laws by collecting signatures?
• The Knights of Labor allowed membership regardless of which factors?
• Which of the following was a belief associated with Alexander Hamilton?
• What term refers to giving government jobs to loyal campaign supporters?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a cash crop for the Southern Colonies in the material?
• Who commanded the Continental Army?
• Which organization was involved in the Pullman Strike besides the workers?
• Which battle is described as the turning point of the war because it led France to send aid to the colonists?
• The Homestead Act had what primary impact on American settlement patterns?
• The Southern Colonies were founded by people seeking what?
• South Carolina opposed the Tariff of 1832 and threatened secession. Which state is this associated with?
• Which region includes Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware?
• Which of the following states was acquired as part of the Mexican Cession during the Mexican War?
• Which policy became United States foreign policy in 1823?
• Which event effectively ended Reconstruction by ceding the presidency to the Republicans in exchange for ending military occupation of the South?
• What did the Lend-Lease Act authorize?
• At the Constitutional Convention, who did not speak much?
• Who led the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union?
• Who was called the 'Father of the Constitution'?
• The push to curb monopolies led to which antitrust laws?
• Which economic system is characterized by private ownership of property and a free market?
• What was the outcome of the Vietnam War by 1975?
• Who occupied East Germany after World War II, and what form of government was installed there?
• Which event started the American Revolution and occurred before the Declaration of Independence was written?
• Which Supreme Court case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine?
• Which group did NOT support ratification of the Constitution?
• Who wrote the majority of the U.S. Bill of Rights?
• Which statement about George Washington's involvement at the Convention is supported by the material?
• What military tactic did Germany employ to quickly defeat opponents in Western Europe?
• Which of the following was one of the five listed causes of the Great Depression?
• The House of Burgesses is an example of what kind of colonial governing body?
• Which addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the United States would intervene in Latin America to stabilize economic affairs?
• What was the overall effect of the 1850 Compromise on sectional tensions?
• Which amendments were enacted during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson?
• Which faction believed the national government would overpower state powers?
• The Lincoln-Douglas debates occurred in which state?
• Which nations were allied with the United States during World War II?
• What was the WPA?
• How many people were killed in the Boston Massacre?
• What did the Tea Act do according to the material?
• What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
• Loyalists remained loyal to Britain primarily because of what ties?
• Which statement best describes James Madison's role according to the material?
• Who wrote the Gettysburg Address?
• Tariffs were a policy favored by which region in the early United States to protect manufacturing from foreign competition?
• Who led a campaign accusing many Americans of having communist ties during the Cold War?
• Which country provided crucial military support to the American colonies after the turning point at Saratoga?
• What was the significance of the First Continental Congress?
• Which postwar international organization did Wilson advocate?
• Modeled after the Declaration of Independence, the ______ Declaration outlined reasons to give women the right to vote.
• What was the foundation of the South's economy at the end of the Civil War?
• The recall process is an example of which form of democracy?
• Which belief motivated American expansion to the Pacific Ocean?
• In the Southern Colonies, indentured servants differed from enslaved Africans because indentured servants:
• On what date did the Emancipation Proclamation take effect?
• This person vetoed the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States.
• Radical Republicans sought to guarantee civil rights for which group?
• Which of the following was a major economic activity in the New England Colonies?
• Which group argued that a Bill of Rights should be added to the Constitution?
• Who said the United States wanted to make the world safe for democracy?
• The Emancipation Proclamation was issued after which Civil War battle?
• Which battle is described as the turning point and the last major battle in the Northern theater?
• What was Thomas Jefferson's political party?
• Which event nearly brought the world to nuclear war during the Cold War?
• Who formed a community in the New England Colonies and on what principles was it based?
• Which U.S. initiative increased spending on science and space during the Cold War?
• The Homestead Strike took place in which location?
• After the Civil War, which groups moved west to seek new opportunities and land?
• The Seneca Falls Declaration was modeled after which document?
• Which pamphleteer wrote Common Sense, influencing revolutionary thinking?
• Which statement describes the impact of the Louisiana Purchase on U.S. territory?
• Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser led slave revolts in this state?
• The rise of Methodists and Baptists during the Great Awakening challenged established churches and which aspect of society?
• At the Constitutional Convention, who led many debates?
• The 15th Amendment guaranteed what to be protected?
• Which of the following states was acquired as part of the Mexican Cession during the Mexican War?
• Which of the following pairings is correct?
• Which description best matches Thomas Jefferson's political beliefs?
• The Homestead Act of 1862 offered settlers what benefit in the western territories?
• The 17th Amendment changed how U.S. Senators are selected, shifting from appointment by state legislatures to what method?
• Which region produced shipbuilding as a major industry?
• The Monroe Doctrine is associated with which principle regarding European involvement in the Americas?
• How did the British treat the Native Americans?
• The Know-Nothings and this political party were formed when the Federalist party died after the War of 1812.
• Which two cities were major urban centers in the Middle Colonies?
• Which group did Hamilton's policies primarily support?
• Which of the following was NOT one of the four ways the New England Colonies made money?
• Which program provided aid to farmers as a recovery program?
• Germany's key ally in WWI was which country?
• Under the Compromise of 1850, California entered as a free state, and which federal act was strengthened to aid the capture of runaway enslaved people?
• Which combination of statements accurately describes the Southern Confederate states prior to the Civil War?
• The amendment that provides citizenship and equal protection under the law is the
• What was the first settlement in the Southern Colonies, and in what year?
• Under the Homestead Act, how many acres of land were settlers typically allowed to claim if they farmed it for a set period?
• The Southern Colonies were called the Cavaliers and received land in which region?
• When did the Cold War begin and end?
• Which political faction took control of Reconstruction by militarily occupying the South?
• Did the United States join the League of Nations after World War I?
• Which colony is part of the New England Colonies?
• What statement best describes the overall role of immigrants during this period of Westward Expansion?
• Which program was a reform to fix bad banking practices?
• The Missouri Compromise addressed the issue of free versus slave states in which territory?
• Which plan divided the Louisiana Purchase into free and slave territories?
• Which event prompted the United States to enter World War II?
• Which state was acquired as a result of the Mexican War?
• Who was the editor of The Liberator?
• The International Ladies' Garment Workers Union primarily organized which workers?
• Which of the following pairings is correct?
• Which event is most closely associated with initiating French support for the American cause?
• Which laws ignored civil rights, allowed segregation, and prevented Black people from voting?
• The amendment that abolished slavery and established legal freedom for formerly enslaved people is the
• Which individual served as a guide for the Lewis and Clark expedition?
• Patriots during the American Revolution were characterized by which belief set?
• The Gibbons v Ogden ruling established that the federal government has the power to regulate which of the following?
• What term describes the policy of separating the races?
• Which founding father played a key role in drafting the U.S. Bill of Rights?
• Which abolitionist newspaper was edited by William Lloyd Garrison?
• What was the Hawley-Smoot Act primarily known for?
• The United States acquired Florida from which country?
• After the Civil War, Andrew Johnson was not removed from office, but Congress did what to him?
• Who purchased the Louisiana Territory?
• Who led the American Federation of Labor?
• Which constitutional amendment established the direct election of U.S. Senators?
• What term describes land designated for Native American tribes after removal from ancestral lands?
• At the end of the Civil War, which region of the United States was economically most successful?
• What is a central idea of the Gettysburg Address?
• Which combination of statements accurately describes the Northern states prior to the Civil War?
• The Haymarket Affair damaged the reputation of which labor organization?
• The Battle of the Alamo is part of which conflict?
• Which concept held that residents of a territory could vote to determine whether slavery would exist there, and who advocated it for the territories?
• What best defines an ethnic neighborhood?
• The Pullman Strike occurred in which city and state?
• Patriots believed in complete independence and were inspired by the ideas of which thinkers?
• Who was the leader of the Knights of Labor?
• The Mayflower Compact helped establish which political principle in early settlements?
• John D Rockefeller invented what?
• The Monroe Doctrine states that the American continents should not be colonized by which group?
• Which amendment guaranteed equality for all citizens?
• What term describes the idea that states could leave the Union after freely joining it?
• The period in U.S. history when Jim Crow laws were enforced in the South is known as which era?
• What happened in the South shortly after Abraham Lincoln was elected President?
• Which program is correctly paired with its purpose?
• Which region includes the Southern Colonies?
• The period's reforms culminating in the 19th Amendment granted what right to citizens?
• The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty with Germany. The treaty ended WWI as the peace treaty with which nation?
• Which group argued that checks and balances would prevent any one branch from becoming too strong?
• Which are similarities between Locke's and Jefferson's ideas?
• What is the approximate timeframe of the Reconstruction era following the Civil War?
• The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in which area?
• Which of the following best describes the overall aim of Progressive Era reforms?
• Which figure is described as not speaking much at the Constitutional Convention?
• Under the Compromise of 1850, what major change occurred regarding California?
• Andrew Carnegie invented what?
• Which figure is described as leading debates at the Convention according to the material?
• Which individual helped to found an organization dedicated to advancing civil rights and political equality?
• The Progressive Movement's reforms intensified under which president?
• What was the primary goal of the New Deal?
• Who led the American Railway Union?
• What was the political party of Alexander Hamilton?
• Who authored the Virginia Bill of Rights?
• New England Colonies were primarily founded seeking what?
• Which policy warned European powers against colonizing in the Western Hemisphere?
• Which were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
• What was the last major battle in the North of the war? (Turning Point)
• What government system was established in West Germany after World War II?
• What policy did President Nixon pursue in Vietnam intended to transfer combat responsibilities to South Vietnam?
• Which purchase doubled the size of the United States?
• Which of the following states was acquired as part of the Mexican Cession during the Mexican War?
• Which technology helped open lands in the West for settlement?
• What best describes the Progressive Movement's view of government and business?
• Who published The Liberator?
• Who authored the Virginia Plan?
• Which act allowed slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories?
• Which statement correctly identifies Abraham Lincoln's role during the Civil War?
• The Seneca Falls Declaration is associated with which reform movement?
• The Southern Colonies were based on large ____ and grew cash crops.
• In what order did these battles occur: Lexington/Concord, Saratoga, Yorktown?
• Who kept many notes of the debates at the Constitutional Convention?
• Before 1871, from which parts of Europe did most immigrants come?
• During the Korean conflict, which side was noncommunist?
• Anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison.